Bigram flats
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Instead of single letters, bigrams (two-letter groups) are the basic units of these puzzles. An example is the bigram reversal ONE = seraph, TWO = phrase. A bigram deletion: impet(uo)us. For more information, look up the next word in the puzzle’s name.
Occasionally, one sees a trigram or tetragram flat. However, the more letters are removed or changed, the less information is available to the solver. Exercise caution.
A biphoneme flat is a phonetic version: the basic unit is a group of two sounds. See phonetic flats for more discussion.